IMPORTANCE OF MICROBIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC TESTING IN SEVERE PERIODONTITIS: LESSONS FROM A CLINICAL CASE

Angelina Sredovska Bozhinov; Teodora Nikolovska; Enis Sabanov; Natasa Tnokovska

doi:10.35120/medisij040213s

Authors

Angelina Sredovska Bozhinov International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia Author
Teodora Nikolovska International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia Author
Enis Sabanov International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia; University Dental Clinical Center “Sveti Pantelejmon”, Skopje, North Macedonia Author
Natasa Tnokovska International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia; Private Dental Practice “IN Dent- Family Dental Clinic”, Skopje, North Macedonia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij040213s

Keywords:

Dental Medicine, microbiology, molecular biology, genetics, severe periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontitis is complex and multifactorial disease. In patient’s sub-gingival dental biofilm provokes a host-mediated inflammatory and immune response, culminating in irreversible destruction of the periodontium, including the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. Severe periodontitis (SP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissues and alveolar bone loss. Several bacterial species have been implicated in their pathogenesis, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi). These microorganisms, components of the subgingival microbiota, contribute to disease progression through mechanisms such as pro-inflammatory cytokine induction, immune modulation, and direct tissue destruction.

Effective management is needed for understanding the disease’s pathogenesis, risk factors and therapeutic protocols. This study presents a clinical case of a severe smoker with SP, highlighting the microbial and genetic factors influencing disease progression and therapeutic considerations.

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