BONE AND SOFT TISSUE MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS IN MOUTH-BREATHING CHILDREN USED BY ORTHODONTISTS AND OTOLARYNGOLOGISTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35120/medisij0502075gKeywords:
CBCT imaging, mouth breathing, orthodontic deformation, rapid maxillary expansionAbstract
Several morphological markers are observed in children with nasal breathing disorders. They are often diagnosed during orthodontic analysis in relation to concomitant orthodontic deformities. Mouth breathing leads to muscle activity changes affecting the oral functions - mastication, swallowing and phonation. The muscles involved in the mouth breathing contract at the same time as the muscles in involved in the other oral functions and affect each other.
Aim of the research was to describe a method for simultaneously identifying bone and soft tissue changes in the orofacial region.
In orthodontics, a large field of view (FOV) CBCT covering the entire skull, is obtained. A 3D imaging software is used to evaluate the changes in the bones, the soft tissues and the upper airways.
A single CBCT scan can establish the three-dimensional development of the maxilla and mandible, the level of bone insufficiency, TMJ disorders (TMDs), facial asymmetries, assess bone maturation and determine bone age. It gives the ability to objectively measure airway volume, identify areas of upper airway obstruction, superimpose images of anatomic structures and to track soft tissue changes. It is used in the planning of orthognathic reconstructions and in the digital designing of surgery guides or orthodontic appliances.
Evaluation of Consecutive CBCTs (before and after treatment with maxillary expander) of patients with upper airway obstructions, can be done by both an orthodontist and an otorhinolaryngologist. They can establish the changes in the widths of the bony palate, the maxilla and the interzygomatic space. Additionally, the increase in volume of the nasal, nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal airways can be measured and the areas of obstruction can be identified.
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